2015年李克强总理答记者问双语实录

3月15日（星期日）上午十二届全国人大三次会议闭幕后，国务院总理李克强在人民大会堂三楼金色大厅会见采访十二届全国人大三次会议的中外记者并回答了记者们提出的问题。以下为现场翻译实录：

1、[金融时报记者]

总理，您好。去年中国的房地产市场一直在下滑，所以很多中国人都到海外去买房子。现在中国公民已经是纽约、悉尼、伦敦等地最大的海外顾客群体了，当地房价随之被明显抬高。也有一些人开始质疑，从中国涌入当地市场资金的合法性。请问总理，中国政府会担心由此引发海外市场的强烈反应吗？今年政府是否会出台新政策来促进国内房地产市场？

Q: I am with The Financial Times. Last year, China's real estate market has been on the decline. This has prompted a large number of Chinese nationals to start buying homes overseas.

Currently, Chinese customers have become the largest group of homebuyers in New York, Sydney and London and this has significantly driven up the local home prices. Hence some people have called into question the legitimacy of the money spent on buying these homes overseas from China.

Are you concerned about the possible backlash to such massive home buying by Chinese overseas? And will the Chinese government introduce new policy measures to boost the domestic real estate market this year?

1、[李克强]

中国正在逐步推进人民币资本项下的可兑换，这本身也表明在推进资本市场的开放。但是你说有大量的中国人到海外购房，而且成了某些热点城市的最大购买者，这个可能还要做评估，我没有这方面确切的消息。

A: China is advancing the full convertibility of RMB under the capital account. It shows that China is taking further steps to open up the capital market. You talked about the phenomenon of large number of Chinese buying homes overseas and said that they have become the largest home buyers in a number of key international metropolises.I suppose that more evaluations need to be done here as to whether that is true. And as far as I'm concerned, I am not in possession of solid information about this.

我所得到的是，中国去年吸引外资是力度最大的一年。外资进入中国达到1200亿美元。同时，我们也愿意看到中国的企业“走出去”，中国的公民到国外去创业，当然，既要遵守中国有关法律的规定，也要遵守当地的法律。

But what I know is that China is still the largest destination of the inflow of foreign direct investment and the number now stands at $120 billion. As the same time, the Chinese government will also encourage Chinese companies and Chinese nationals to go overseas, to make investment, and do business. In doing so, these Chinese companies and Chinese nationals need to abide by China's relevant laws and regulations and also observe the local laws.

我看你的面孔是一个西方人，你的中文说得这么流利，不知道有没有在中国买房？当然，我们是欢迎的。

You have a Westerner's face but you speak Chinese so well. I wonder if you have bought home in China but you are welcome to do so.

中国还是一个发展中国家，住房既是经济问题，更是民生问题。中国政府要做的就是要为低收入住房困难群体提供住房保障。今年，我们在改造棚户区、城市和农村危房方面还要加大力度，各增加100万套。中国政府有保障群众基本居住条件的责任。

China is still a large developing country. Housing is not just an economic issue but also one that concerns people's livelihood. The Chinese government needs to meet the basic housing needs of the low-income people in China. And the government will take more steps this year to rebuild urban rundown areas and the dilapidated homes in urban and rural areas. The plan for such efforts this year is to increase such the building and rebuilding rundown areas and dilapidated homes by 1 million units each. The Chinese government has the responsibility to provide for the daily necessity in terms of housing for our people.

房地产市场有其自身的规律，中国国土面积辽阔，有特大城市和中小城市、小城镇，情况各异，所以我们要求强化地方政府合理调控房地产市场的责任，因地制宜，分城施策。中国城镇化进程还在加快，中国房地产市场的需求是刚性的，我们鼓励居民自住性住房和改善性住房需求，保持房地产长期平稳健康发展。谢谢！

The real estate market is governed by its own laws. China is such a large country with vast land that expands. There are mega cities and medium and small-size cities as well as small townships in this country. And the conditions of these different cities and townships vary significantly from one to another. Hence the central government has required the local governments enhance their responsibility to exercise their regulation of their local real estate markets. And differentiated policies need to be adopted in the light of local conditions. As the same time, urbanization is still picking up speed in China hence the housing demand in China is here to stay. We also encourage Chinese people to buy homes for their personal use or their second home. We hope to see there will be steady and sound growth of China's real estate markets in the long run.

2、[新京报记者]

总理，您好。我们注意到您最近在多个场合力挺电子商务和快递等新业态，我很想知道您个人从网上买过东西吗？如果买过，最近买的是什么？另外，有人认为网购会冲击实体店，对此您怎么看？谢谢。

Q: I am with the Beijing News. Mr Premier, on many occasions, you have expressed your strong support about new forms of businesses, like e-commerce and delivery service, so I am very curious, have you ever shopped online, and what did you buy?

Some people are worried that online shopping will adversely affect physical stores, what's your view about this?

2、[李克强]

在场的各位都有网购的经历，我也不例外，我网购过，最近还买过几本书，书名我就不便说了，避免有做广告之嫌。但是我很愿意为网购、快递和带动的电子商务等新业态做广告。因为它极大地带动了就业，创造了就业的岗位，而且刺激了消费，人们在网上消费往往热情比较高。

A: I suppose each and everyone of you here has had the experience shopping online and I am no exception. Yes, I've bought things on the Internet. Actually I have bought a few books, no so long ago, but as for what books, I don't think it will be a good idea for me split down here, no advertisement here.

But I have said that I will be happy to advertise for new forms of businesses, like online shopping, express, delivery service and e-commerce, because these new forms of bossiness gave a strong boost for employment and consumption in this big country, and people are getting quite enthusiastic when they try to buy something online.

至于网购是否会冲击实体店，我听过这样的议论，开始也难免会有担心，但是我曾经到一个网购店集中的村去看过，那里800户人家开了2000多家网店，可见创业的空间有多大。同时，我又到附近一个实体店集中的市场，我问他们有没有担心？实体店的老板给我看，他也开了网店，而且把自己实体店的状况拍成视频上网，他说这对购物者来说更有真实感，更有竞争力。可见，网上网下互动创造的是活力，是更大的空间。

I've heard such a worry that online shopping will adversely affect to physical stores. At the beginning, such a worry was only natural, but I recalled unexceptional trip that I paid to a local village in China. It's a village with 800 households, but these people have opened about 2,000 shops on the Internet. One can while imagine how vast the space for business entrepreneurs there.

And I also after that visited a close by city where there is a large number of physical stores and I asked one of the shop owners that if he is concerned that the physical stores will be impacted by online shopping, but the owner showed me that he also opened an online shop and he even uploaded a video of the physical store on the Internet to show that the store is very competitive, so such the sound interaction between the online and offline has only boosted the vitality of market.

这使我想起最近互联网上流行的一个词叫“风口”，我想站在“互联网+”的风口上顺势而为，会使中国经济飞起来。不过我也想到今天是“3•15”，是保护消费者权益日，不管是网上还是网下的实体店，都要讲究诚信，保证质量，维护消费者的权益。谢谢！

To borrow a popular idea on the Internet that everyone stands a chance to fly when there is favorable wind blowing from behind. I believe with the tail wind generated by our Internet Plus strategy we will be able to bring Chinese economy off to a new level. I cannot help but remember that today, March 15th, is the day for the protection of rights and interests of consumers, so I believe all the stores no matter online and offline are honest to do the business and put the quality of products before everything else. So they protect rights and interests for consumers. Thank you.

3、[彭博新闻社记者]

谢谢主持人。总理，您好。您多次提过需要有壮士断腕的决心来进行改革，您也说过这个过程可能会很疼。中国经济在放缓的今天，您会继续保持这样的决心吗？您认为中国经济会不会继续放缓？未来会不会更疼？谢谢。

Q: I am with Bloomberg. You once said the government needs to show the utmost determination in reforming itself and this process could be a quite painful one.

As the Chinese economy comes under increased downward pressure, do you still have as firm a determination as before? And will the Chinese economy continue to slide? What will the future for the Chinese economy look like?

3、[李克强]

你问到疼，确实很疼，而且在加深，面还会扩大。因为简政放权是政府的自我革命，削权是要触动利益的，它不是剪指甲，是割腕，忍痛也得下刀。因为简政放权有利于厘清政府和市场的关系，激发市场活力，也可以用它去顶住经济下行的压力。去年我国经济速度放缓，但是就业不减反增，简政放权起了很重要的支撑作用。

A: You asked about the pain caused by the government self-imposed reform. Let me tell you that the pain is still there. Actually, the pain is becoming more acute, and it is being felt in more places.

This is a reform the government has taken on itself. During the cause of the reform, vested interests will be upset, as the government will shatter its own powers. It's not nail-clipping. Instead, it's like taking a knife to one's own flesh. So pain is only natural, but, however painful it may be, we are determined to keep going until our job is done.

The reform of streamlining administration and delegating government powers helps us to get the relationship right between the government and the market. It helps to boost vitality of the market, and put us into a stronger position to cope with downward pressure on economic growth.

Last year, despite of economic slowdown, we managed to add more new urban jobs and this reform on government itself has played a very important role.

本届政府两年内下很大力气完成了当初提出的五年内砍掉三分之一行政审批事项的目标，其中有的是取消，有的是下放。我们推进商事制度改革后，每天就有上万家企业登记，比上年增加了50%。可见，活力来自民间，而简政放权的减法可以对应对经济放缓发挥支撑的力量。

We have completed the five-year task of cutting State Council review items by one third within just two years.

With the reform of business system, on average each day, up to 10,000 new businesses have got registered, and increased of an over 50 percent over the preview year. This fully shows that our people represent the largest source of vitality for economic activity. And this reform by reducing the powers held in the hands of the government has actually helped us to tackle downward pressures on economic growth.

当然，在这方面还有很多不落实的情况存在，推进中还发现了一些新的问题。前两天，我看到两会上有提案说，原来批个项目要一百多个章，虽然现在审批砍了一些了，但还有五六十道关卡，还会增加创业的成本，抑制了创造的热情。所以我们必须继续下更大力气来推进简政放权。

At the same time, we recognized that some measures have yet to be fully implemented, and some new problems have surfaced.A couple days ago, I came across a proposal during the Two Sessions which said that it is true that government review items have been slashed.

In the past to get one project approved, one needs to collect up to over 100 stamps from different governmental departments, but the number has been brought down to about 50 to 60, but still, all those long procedures have driven up the costs of business start-up and dampened people's enthusiasm for making innovations. That's a reason why the government is resolved that it will step up its efforts to streamline its administration and delegate more powers.

今年政府要有新作为，重点要抓三个方面的工作：一是全面取消非行政许可，不能法外施权。另外，还发现国家部门授权地方政府审批的事项1200多项，今年要砍掉200多项，不能像开车一样，松了手刹，还踩着脚刹，明放暗不放。二是要推进权力清单、责任清单，今年是在省一级公布，明年推向市县一级，晾晒清单，让社会监督，也让老百姓明白，权力不能滥用。三是要探索事中事后监管的新模式，包括扩大综合执法试点，对假冒伪劣、坑蒙拐骗、食品安全方面以及侵犯知识产权等行为要有有效的监管方式。

New steps will be taken this year in this reform, and our focus is on the following three areas. First, all non-governmental review items will be canceled. We must be sure that governmental power will not be exercised when it is not stipulated by the law. There are currently over 1,200 review items by the local governments as mandated by central governmental departments.

Our goal is to cut this number by over 200 in 2015. The government must not secretly hold onto powers that should be delegated, just releasing the hand brake but still keeping the foot brake on. Second, all provincial-level governments will be required to release their list of powers and list of responsibilities this year.

And this task will be assigned to governments in cities and city-level counties next year. We must keep our people well informed of what powers their governments hold and put government power under public oversight to prevent the abuse of office.

Third, we will explore new models for exercising better ongoing and exposed regulation. We will expand the trials for integrated law enforcement, and we will also ensure that there will be effective models for exercising regulation over such acts as cheating and swindling of market place, violating intellectual property rights, making and selling of fake or sub-standard goods, or cases involving food safety.

人们不是常说，穿鞋要合脚，施政也要利民惠民。谢谢！

Just as shoes must suit the feet, our administration must meet people's needs and deliver well benefits. Thank you.

4、[中央人民广播电台记者]

总理您好。我的问题是，2014年中国的反腐行动已经使多只“大老虎”落网了，那么您认为如何从制度建设这方面入手，进一步推动反腐？另外，总理您还说过懒政怠政也是一种腐败，究竟怎么样才能解决官员的不作为问题？谢谢。

Q: I am with China National Radio. My question is about 2014 China's anti-corruption action as investigated many high-ranking officials, or "big tigers".

I would like to know what more steps will be taken to enhance institution-building in fighting corruption. You also once said that it is also corruption for government officials to be indolent or not performing their duties, so what steps would you take to solve the problem involving those "do nothing" officials?

4、[李克强]

中国党和政府一贯坚持反腐倡廉的方针。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚持有腐必反、有贪必惩。一些所谓位高权重的人被依法调查和处理，成效是明显的，人民群众也是拥护的。

A: The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government are committed to combating corruption and upholding integrity, since the 18th National Party Congress, the central committee of the CPC with comrade Xi Jinping as General Sectary has been taking strong efforts to ensure that all likes of corruption will be brought to account and in this process a number of high-ranking corruption officials have been investigated and dealt with, our efforts have yielded good results, and won people's supports.

所以，推进制度反腐和标本兼治是一致的。首先还是要依法治国。法律面前人人平等，不论是谁都不能在法外用权。二是要推进体制改革。比如简政放权很重要的一个目的就是坚决打掉寻租的空间，铲除腐败的土壤，因为很多腐败分子一个共同的特征就是寻租。三是要加强监督和教育。让权力在阳光下运行，受到社会的监督，公职人员要提高自律意识，以权谋公而不能谋私。在这个过程当中，我们既要惩治乱作为，也反对不作为，庸政懒政是不允许的。门好进了、脸好看了，就是不办事，这是为官不为啊，必须严肃问责。谢谢！

In enhancing institution-building in fighting corruption, we will have better resources to address both the symptoms and root cause of corruption. First we need to ensure that we run the country in according with the law and everyone is equal before the law, and no one is above the law.

Second, we need to press ahead the reform of the administrative system. Just now I mentioned the reform government to stream line administration and delegate powers. This is to limit the breathing space for corruption including rent-seeking, as rent seeking is actually a common feature of various kinds of corruption.

Third, the supervision and education will also be strengthened. We must make sure that government power is exercised in a transparent way and subject to public oversight. All civil servants must enhance their self-discipline, and government power can only be used for public good not personal gains. There must be no acting irresponsibly or inaction on the part of government officials. And there is no rule for incompetence, or indolence on the part of government officials. We also need to step up the accountability system.